Kafukufuku: Mwayi ndi zovuta zophatikizira kupanga zida zokhazikika za polima kukhala zozungulira zapadziko lonse lapansi (bio) mfundo zachuma.Image Mawu: Lambert/Shutterstock.com
Umunthu ukukumana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa mibadwo yamtsogolo.Kukhazikika kwachuma kwanthawi yayitali ndi chilengedwe ndicho cholinga chonse cha chitukuko chokhazikika.Pakapita nthawi, zipilala zitatu zogwirizana zachitukuko chokhazikika zatulukira, zomwe ndi chitukuko cha zachuma, chitukuko cha anthu komanso chilengedwe. chitetezo;komabe, "kukhazikika" kumakhalabe lingaliro lotseguka lokhala ndi matanthauzidwe angapo malinga ndi nkhani.
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima azinthu zakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu amakono.Zida zozikidwa pa polymer zipitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zolinga za United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) chifukwa cha katundu wawo wosinthika komanso angapo. ntchito.
Kukwaniritsa Udindo Wowonjezera Wopanga, kukonzanso ndi kuchepetsa mapulasitiki osagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina osati zobwezeretsanso zachikhalidwe (kudzera kusungunuka ndi kutulutsanso), ndikupanga mapulasitiki "okhazikika", kuphatikiza kuwunika momwe amakhudzira moyo wawo wonse, zonse ndi njira yabwino kuthetsa vuto la pulasitiki.
Mu phunziro ili, olemba amafufuza momwe kuphatikizira mwadala katundu / ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala kupita ku mapangidwe a zinthu, kungathandizire kukhazikika kwa mapulasitiki.Anayang'ana zida zoyezera ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa za pulasitiki pa chilengedwe m'moyo wawo wonse. Kuzungulira, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zongowonjezwwdwanso pamapangidwe otha kubwezerezedwanso ndi/kapena owonongeka.
Kuthekera kwa njira zaukadaulo waukadaulo pakubwezeretsanso ma enzymatic a mapulasitiki omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazachuma chozungulira cha bioeconomy ikukambidwa.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki okhazikika akukambidwa, ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa Zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika kudzera m'mgwirizano wapadziko lonse.Kuti tikwaniritse kukhazikika kwapadziko lonse lapansi. , zipangizo zamakono zopangidwa ndi polima kwa ogula ndi zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito ndizofunikira.Olembawo amakambirananso za kufunika komvetsetsa midadada yomanga ya biorefinery, green chemistry, circular bioeconomy initiatives, ndi momwe kuphatikiza mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndi zanzeru kungathandize kuti zipangizozi zikhale zowonjezereka. chokhazikika.
Mkati mwa mfundo zokhazikika za green chemistry (GCP), circular economic (CE), ndi bioeconomy, olemba amakambirana mapulasitiki okhazikika, kuphatikiza ma polima opangidwa ndi biodegradable, ndi ma polima omwe amaphatikiza zonse ziwiri.chitukuko ndi kuphatikiza zovuta ndi njira).
Monga njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kafukufuku wama polima ndi chitukuko, olembawo amawunika kuwunika kwa moyo, kukhazikika kwa mapangidwe, ndi biorefinery. Amawunikanso momwe ma polima awa angagwiritsire ntchito pokwaniritsa ma SDGs komanso kufunikira kosonkhanitsa mafakitale, maphunziro ndi boma kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa machitidwe okhazikika mu sayansi ya polima.
Mu kafukufukuyu, potengera malipoti angapo, ochita kafukufuku adawona kuti sayansi yokhazikika ndi zida zokhazikika zimapindula ndi matekinoloje omwe alipo komanso omwe akubwera, monga digitization ndi luntha lochita kupanga, komanso omwe adafufuzidwa kuti athane ndi zovuta zenizeni zakuwonongeka kwazinthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki. .njira zambiri.
Komanso, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti kulingalira, kulosera, kutulutsa chidziwitso chodziwikiratu ndikuzindikiritsa deta, kulankhulana mwachidwi, ndi kulingalira zomveka zonse ndi mphamvu za mitundu iyi ya matekinoloje opangidwa ndi mapulogalamu. kuzindikiridwa, zomwe zidzathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zimakhalira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ya pulasitiki yapadziko lonse, komanso kupanga njira zatsopano zothetsera vutoli.
Mu limodzi la maphunzirowa, ndi bwino polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolase ankaona depolymerize osachepera 90% ya PET kukhala monoma mkati 10 hours.Kusanthula kwa meta-bibliometric kwa SDGs muzolemba zasayansi kukuwonetsa kuti ofufuza ali panjira yoyenera mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, popeza pafupifupi 37% ya zolemba zonse zokhudzana ndi ma SDGs ndi zofalitsidwa zapadziko lonse lapansi. dataset ndi sayansi ya moyo ndi biomedicine.
Kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti, ma polima otsogola ayenera kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya ntchito: zomwe zimachokera ku zosowa za ntchito (mwachitsanzo, gasi wosankha ndi madzi amadzimadzi, ma actuation, kapena magetsi) ndi omwe amachepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, monga kukulitsa moyo wogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kapena kulola kuwonongeka kodziwikiratu.
Olembawo akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oyendetsedwa ndi deta kuti athetse mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi kumafuna deta yokwanira komanso yopanda tsankho kuchokera kumakona onse a dziko lapansi, ndikugogomezeranso kufunika kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. ndi zomangamanga, komanso kupewa kubwereza kafukufuku ndikufulumizitsa kusintha.
Iwo adawonetsanso kufunikira kokulitsa mwayi wopeza kafukufuku wasayansi.Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsanso kuti poganizira zoyeserera za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a mgwirizano wokhazikika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mayiko kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zikukhudzidwa.Olembawo akutsindika kuti ndikofunikira. kukumbukira kuti tonse tili ndi udindo woteteza dziko lathu kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-22-2022